Identificação de ovinos robustos às alterações e variabilidade climáticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.29.1477Palavras-chave:
resiliência, robustez, metano, eficiência alimentar, fenômicaResumo
A produção pecuária, em particular a ovinocultura, enfrenta o desafio de aumentar a produção alimentar em um contexto de recursos limitados, com menos acesso a terras aráveis e suplementos. E, explicado pelas alterações climáticas e pela variabilidade, o acesso a pastagens e água de elevada qualidade e quantidade seria restringido. Além disso, os ovinos estarão expostos com maior freqüência e por períodos mais longos, a temperaturas mais elevadas, alterações no regime de chuvas e a um cenário diferente do atual de pragas e doenças. Ademais, considerando que os ovinos foram selecionados para características produtivas durante um longo período de tempo, é possível que os ovinos modernos sejam menos robustos. Paralelamente, temos as preocupações da sociedade sobre a contribuição da pecuária para as emissões de metano, o bem-estar animal, a competição por comida entre humanos e animais, a segurança alimentar e a resistência a antimicrobianos e antiparasitários. Para enfrentar o cenário descrito seriam necessários animais mais eficientes, resilientes e adaptados. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar os conceitos de robustez, resiliência e eficiência e apresentar estudos sobre estas características dentro de raças e/ou raças que poderiam ser consideradas nos programas de melhoramento genético de ovinos em um cenário de mudanças e variabilidade climáticas.
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