Influência do manejo do solo sob a videira sobre a microbiota e as propriedades do solo em três vinhedos uruguaios de Tannat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.29.1698Palavras-chave:
videira, mulch vivo permanente, herbicida, sequenciação de amplicões, microbioma do solo, 16S rRNA, ITS2Resumo
O microbioma do solo desempenha um papel essencial na saúde e produtividade dos agroecossistemas, sendo influenciado pelo manejo agronômico e por fatores ambientais. Este estudo avaliou a composição das comunidades procarióticas e fúngicas em três vinhedos de Tannat no Uruguai, todos sob o mesmo manejo convencional do solo (solo nu mantido com herbicidas, BS). Além disso, dentro de cada vinhedo foi estabelecida uma cobertura vegetal viva permanente (PLM) para analisar seus efeitos sobre a microbiota do solo. O uso contínuo de Tannat e o manejo uniforme durante pelo menos 10 anos podem ter homogeneizado a composição microbiana entre os vinhedos, apesar das diferenças de solo, altitude e histórico de manejo. No entanto, foram identificados táxons diferencialmente abundantes: no vinhedo 3, Rubrobacter foi menos abundante, enquanto no vinhedo 1 Sordariomycetes e Metarhizium foram mais abundantes e Boeremia menos. A análise intravinhedo mostrou efeito significativo do manejo apenas no Vinhedo 2, onde o PLM estava implementado há 10 anos. Esse tratamento melhorou propriedades do solo como respiração basal, teor de proteína, carbono potencialmente oxidável e densidade aparente. Além disso, observou-se maior abundância de Latescibacteraceae e dos gêneros Cladophialophora, Nigrospora e Pseudopithomyces no PLM. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de estudos de longo prazo para compreender melhor as respostas microbianas ao manejo do solo. Pesquisas futuras que abranjam mais locais e estratégias poderão revelar diferenças mais profundas, contribuindo para a identificação de zonas vitícolas com base em padrões microbianos.
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