Estratégias de fungicidas para o controlo da ramulariose recomendadas no Uruguai e respectivos resíduos nos grãos de cevada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.28.1262Palavras-chave:
Ramularia collo-cygni, Hordeum vulgare, segurança alimentar, resíduos de pesticida, eficácia do controleResumo
Ramulariose é principalmente controlada por pulverização de fungicidas foliares, o que pode resultar em resíduos nos grãos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do manejo de fungicidas utilizado para o controle de ramulariose e seus resíduos nos grãos de cevada. Foram avaliadas quatro misturas de fungicidas: fluxapyroxad + piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol, piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol + clorotalonil, prothioconazol + trifloxistrobina e isopyrazam + azoxistrobina, em três momentos de pulverização: GS33, GS47 e GS33+GS47, em cinco experimentos de campo. Foram incluídos tratamentos não tratados e completamente protegidos. Foram calculados os resíduos de fungicidas, a severidade da doença, a eficácia de controle, a área sob a curva de progresso da doença e o rendimento de grãos cheios. Todas as estratégias de fungicidas estavam de acordo com a segurança alimentar, cumprindo com os Limites Máximos de Resíduos estabelecidos pelo Codex e pela União Européia. A eficácia variou de acordo com o desenvolvimento da ramulariose, o momento da aplicação e o número de aplicações. Os tratamentos com fungicidas aplicados em GS33+GS47 foram os mais eficazes, uma vez que os níveis mais altos de severidade foram observados na fase após GS47 nas condições estudadas. O rendimento de grãos cheios mostrou apenas diferenças mínimas na epidemia tardia. Qualquer mudança no manejo ou regulamentação deve ser cuidadosamente revisada para manter os resultados. A pesquisa destacou a compatibilidade dos tratamentos recomendados de fungicidas com os padrões de segurança alimentar, destacando o equilíbrio entre a eficácia no controle de doenças e a segurança do consumidor.
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