Water productivity associated to the planting system in young Nadorcott mandarin plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.27.1188Keywords:
citrus, mulching, planting system, water productivityAbstract
The main goal of citriculture in Uruguay is to increase yield, quality, and improve sustainability and efficiency of natural resources. Today, it is not possible to conceive an efficient citrus production system without the use of irrigation technologies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the irrigation water efficiency and growth conditions of different plantation systems focused on speeding up production and the improvement of water use efficiency. An experiment was installed in Nadorcott mandarin with two planting densities (909 and 1220 pl. ha-1), and three plantation designs: ridges covered with white plastic cloth; uncovered ridges, and flat planting at ground level. At the end of the evaluation period, the volume of the trees planted in the covered ridges doubled those in the flat (1 m3). The trees on the flat design consistently produced fewer fruits and lower yield than those on ridges. Covered ridge showed the best performance. Soil water content remained higher and soil temperature lower in covered ridges. Overall, trees planted on ridges with or without plastic mulch allowed a better water use efficiency, and the lower soil temperature promoted a better environment for tree growth.
Downloads
References
Abouziena HF, El-Metwally IM, Sharma SD, Sing M. Comparison of weed suppression and mandarin fruit yield and quality obtained with organic mulches, synthetic mulches, cultivation and gliphosate. HortScience. 2008;43(3):795-9.
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M. Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Rome: FAO; 1998. 300p.
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Smith M, Raes D, Wright JL. FAO-56 Dual crop coefficient method for estimating evaporation from soil and application extensions. J Irrig Drain Eng. 2005;131:2-13.
Allen RG, Wright JL, Pruitt WO, Pereira LS, Jensen ME. Water requirements. In: Hoffman GJ, Evans RG, Jensen ME, Martin DL, Elliot RL, editors. Design and operation of farm irrigation systems. 2nd ed. St. Joseph: ASABE; 2007. pp. 208-88.
Atkin OK, Edwards EJ, Loveys BR. Response of root respiration to changes in temperature and its relevance to global warming. New Phytol. 2000;147:141-54.
Bevington KB, Castle WS. Annual root growth pattern of young citrus trees in relation to shoot growth, soil temperature, and soil water content. J Am Soc Hortic Sci. 1995;110(6):840-5.
Bowman KD, Joubert J. Citrus rootstocks. In: Talon M, Caruso M, Gmitter FG, editors. The genus citrus. Duxford: Woodhead Publishing; 2020. pp. 105-27.
Burkhard N, Lynch D, Percival D, Sharifl M. Organic mulch impact on vegetation dynamic and productivity of highbush blueberry under organic production. HortScience. 2009;44(3):688-93.
Cruz AF, Pires MDC, Nascimento LKBD, Ramos MLG, Oliveira SA, Blum LEB, Yamanishi OK. Cover cropping system and mulching can shape soil microbial status in fruit orchards. Sci Agric. 2020;77(4). Doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2018-0316.
Denevan WM. Aboriginal drained-field cultivation in the Americas. Science. 1970;169(3946):647-54.
Di Rienzo JA, Casanoves F, Balzarini MG, González L, Tablada M, Robledo CW. InfoStat [Internet]. Version 2020. Córdoba: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; 2020 [cited 2023 Aug 30]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3dDvIyu.
Du Preez M. Ridging of Orchard Soil. Deciduous Fruit Grower. 1985;Jan: 22-31.
Embleton TW, Jones WW, Labanauskas CK, Reuther W. Leaf analysis as a diagnostic tool and guide to fertilization. The citrus industry. 1973;3(6):183-210.
Evans LT. Crop evolution, adaptation, and yield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1993. 514p.
Fan T, Stewart BA, Payne WA, Wang Y, Song S, Luo J, Robinson CA. Supplemental irrigation and water: yield relationships for plasticulture crops in the loess plateau of China. Agron J. 2005;97:177-88.
Funke K, Blanke M. Can reflective ground cover enhance fruit quality and colouration. J Food Agric Environ. 2005;3(1):203-6.
Goñi C, Otero A. Citrus soil management can reduce the deterioration of soil conditions and improve sustainability production. Agrocienc Urug. 2012;16(3):89-97. Doi: 10.31285/AGRO.16.651.
Goñi C, Otero A. Coberturas vegetales y manejo del suelo en la citricultura de Uruguay. In: García-Inza G, Paruelo JM, Zoppolo R, editors. Aportes científicos y tecnológicos del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) del Uruguay a las trayectorias agroecológicas. Buenos Aires: CICCUS; 2023. pp. 181-98.
Goñi C, Otero A. El uso de mulches una opción más sustentable para cítricos. Paper presented at: III Simposio sobre Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Citrus; 2010 Nov 15-17; Salto, Uruguay.
Goñi C, Otero A. Frecuencia de fertirriego y sistemas de fertilización en Afourer: primeros avances en Uruguay. Paper presented at: Proceeding VI Simposio y I Congreso Latinoamericano de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Citrus; 2014; Salto, Uruguay.
Hamido Said A, Morgan KT. The effect of irrigation rate on the water relations of young citrus trees in high-density planting. Sustainability. 2021;13(4):1759. Doi: 10.3390/su13041759.
INIA. Banco de datos agroclimáticos [Internet]. Montevideo: INIA; [date unknown; cited 2023 Aug 30]. Available from: http://www.inia.org.uy/online/site/gras.php.
Jiménez-Cuesta M, Cuquerella J, Martínez-Jávega J. Determination of a color index for citrus fruit degreening. In: Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture. Shizuoka: International Society of Citriculture; 1982. pp. 750-3.
Kijne JW, Barker R, Molden DJ. Water productivity in agriculture: limits and opportunities for improvement. Wallingford: CABI; 2003. 368p.
Lado J, Gambetta G, Zacarias L. Key determinants of citrus fruit quality: metabolites and main changes during maturation. Sci Hortic. 2018;233:238-48.
Legaz F, Serna M, Ferrer P, Cebolla V, Primo-Millo E. Análisis de hojas, suelos y aguas para el diagnóstico nutricional de plantaciones de cítricos: procedimiento de toma de muestras. Valencia: Generalitat Valenciana; 1995. 26p.
Liu Y, Pereira LS, Fernando RM. Fluxes through the bottom boundary of the root zone in silty soils: parametric approaches to estimate groundwater contribution and percolation. Agric Water Manag. 2006;84(1-2):27-40.
Martí BV, González EF. The influence of mechanical pruning in cost reduction, production of fruit, and biomass waste in citrus orchards. Appl Eng Agric. 2010;26(4):531-40.
Merriam J, Keller J. Farm irrigation system evaluation: a guide for management. Logan: Utah State University; 1978. 271p.
Merwin LA, Stiles WC. Orchard groundcover management impacts on apple tree growth and yield and nutrient availability and uptake. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. 1994;119:209-15.
Mesejo C, Gambeta G, Gravina A, Martínez-Fuentes A, Reig C, Agustí M. Relationship between soil temperature and fruit colour development of ‘Clemenpons’ Clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort ex. Tan). J Sci Food Agric. 2012;92:520-5.
Meter Environment. Soil-specific calibrations for METER soil moisture sensors [Internet]. [place unknown: publisher unknown; date unknown]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3r0LoH4
Morlat R, Jacques A. Grapevine root system and soil characteristics in a vineyard maintained long term with or without interow sward. Am J Enol Vitic. 2003;54:1-7.
Otero A, Goñi C. Manejo del suelo en plantaciones cítricas y distribución del sistema radicular. Montevideo: INIA; 2021. 51p.
Otero A, Goñi C. Short hypoxia period affects photosynthesis of citrus scion leaves under different rootstocks. Citrus Res Technol. 2016;37(1):19-25. Doi: 10.4322/crt.ICC110.
Otero A, Goñi C, Grasso R, Machado D. Fertirriego en cítricos: primeros resultados sobre experimentos de largo plazo: II. Nutrientes. Revista INIA. 2022;(71):99-103.
Pacheco CDA, Girardi EA, Silva SDM, Gueiros JAS, Bassanezi RB. Potential of soil cover with plastic film for the setting of sweet orange orchards. Rev Bras Frutic. 2021;43(3). Doi: 10.1590/0100-29452021734.
Paredes P, Rodrigues GC, Alves I, Pereira LS. Partitioning evapotranspiration, yield prediction and economic returns of maize under various irrigation management strategies. Agric Water Manag. 2014;135:27-39.
Pereira LS, Paredes P, Rodrigues GC, Neves M. Modeling barley water use and evapotranspiration partitioning in two contrasting rainfall years: assessing SIMDualKc and AquaCrop models. Agric Water Manag. 2015;159:239-54.
Perry R. Tree fruit root systems and soils. In: Proceedings, Utah State Horticultural Association Annual Convention; 1998 Jan 27-28, Provo, Utah [Internet]. Available from: https://www.canr.msu.edu/hrt/uploads/535/78649/Tree-Root-Systems-and-Soils.pdf
Prem M, Ranjan P, Seth N, Patle GT. Mulching techniques to conserve the soil water and advance the crop production: a review. Curr World Environ. 2020;15:10-30.
Reichardt W, Inubushi K, Tiedje EJ. Microbiological processes in C and N dynamics. In: Kifk GJD, Olk DC, editors. Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Flooded Soils. Makati City: IRRI; 2000. pp. 101-46.
Rolim J, Godinho P, Sequeira B, Rosa R, Paredes P, Pereira LS. SIMDualKc, a software tool for water balance simulation based on dual crop coefficient. In: Zazueta F, Xin J, Ninomiya S, Schiefer G, editors. Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources. 4th World Congress Conference; 2006 July 24-26; Orlando, Florida. St. Joseph: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers; 2006. pp. 781-6.
Sanchez EE, Giagetto A, Cichon NL, Fernandez D, Aruani MC, Curetti M. Cover crops influence soil properties and tree performance in an organic apple (Malus domestica Borkh) orchard in northern Patagonia. Plant Soil. 2007;292:193-205.
Schumann A, Syvertsen JP, Morgan KT. Implementing Advanced citrus production systems in Florida: early results. Proc Fla State Hort Soc. 2009;122:108-13.
Sirrine JR, Letourneau DK, Shennan C, Sirrine C, Fouch R, Jackson L, Mages A. Impacts of groundcover management systems on yield, leaf nutrients, weeds, and arthropods of tart cherry in Michigan, USA. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2008;125(1-4):239-45.
St Laurent A, Merwin LA, Thies JE. Long term orchard ground cover management system affects soil microbial communities and apple replant disease severity. Plant Soil. 2008;304:209-25.
Syvertsen JP, Zablotowicz RM, Smith Jr ML. Soil temperature and flooding effects on two species of citrus: 1. growth and hydraulic conductivity. Plant Soil. 1983;72:3-12.
Teasdale J, Mohler C. The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci. 2000;48(3):385-92.
Teravest D, Smith J, Carpenter-Boggs L, Granatstein D, Hoagland L, Reganold JP. Soil carbon pools, nitrogen supply, and tree performance under several groundcovers and compost rates in a newly planted apple orchard. HortScience. 2011;46:1687-94.
USDA, Soil Conservation Service. National engineering handbook: section 4: Hydrology. Washington: USDA; 1972. 1v.
Van Doren DM, Allmaras MR. Effect of residue management practices on the soil physical environment, microclimate, and plant growth. In: Oschwald WR, editor. Crop residue management system. Madison: ASA; 1978. pp. 49-83.
van Ittersum MK, Rabbinge R. Concepts in production ecology for analysis and quantification of agricultural input-output combinations. Field Crops Res. 1997;52(3):197-208.
Yao SR, Merwin LA, Bird GW, Abawl GS, Thies JE. Orchard floor management practices that maintain vegetative or biomass groundcover stimulate soil microbial community composition. Plant Soil. 2005;271:377-89.
Zwart SJ, Bastiaansen WGM. Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton and maize. Agric Water Manag. 2004;69:115-33.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Agrociencia Uruguay
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
| Article metrics | |
|---|---|
| Abstract views | |
| Galley vies | |
| PDF Views | |
| HTML views | |
| Other views | |
