Productividad del agua asociada al sistema de plantación en plantas jóvenes de mandarina Nadorcott
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.27.1188Palabras clave:
cítricos, mulching, productividad del agua, sistema de plantaciónResumen
El principal objetivo de la citricultura en Uruguay es incrementar el rendimiento, la calidad, mejorar la sostenibilidad y la eficiencia de los recursos naturales. Actualmente no es posible concebir un sistema eficiente de producción de cítricos sin el uso de tecnologías de riego. El objetivo de este trabajo fue incorporar el concepto de productividad del agua al comparar diferentes sistemas de plantación enfocados en acelerar la producción. Para ello se instaló un experimento en mandarina Nadorcott con dos densidades de plantación (909 y 1220 pl. ha-1) y tres diseños de plantación: camellones cubiertos con tela plástica blanca; camellones descubiertos y plantación plana a nivel del suelo. Al final del período de evaluación, el volumen de los árboles plantados sobre los camellones cubiertos duplicó al de los plantados en plano (1 m3). Los árboles en el sistema en plano consistentemente produjeron menos frutos y con menor rendimiento que las plantas sobre los camellones. El diseño de plantación en camellón cubierto mostró el mejor desempeño. El contenido de agua del suelo se mantuvo más alto y la temperatura del suelo más baja en los camellones cubiertos. En general, los árboles plantados en camellones con o sin cubierta plástica permitieron una mejor productividad en el uso del agua y la temperatura más baja del suelo, creando mejores condiciones de crecimiento del árbol.
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