Estratégias para reduzir as pérdas e desperdícios de frutas e hortaliças nas últimas etapas da cadeia agroalimentar
avanços e desafios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.25.813Palavras-chave:
comercialização, consumidor, desperdício de alimentos, frutas e vegetaisResumo
As consequências ambientais, econômicas e sociais da perda e do desperdício de alimentos geram grande preocupação em todo o mundo. As frutas e hortaliças ocupam o segundo lugar em relação às perdas e desperdícios de alimentos, que ocorrem principalmente na fase pós-colheita. Neste contexto, o presente artigo procura discutir os determinantes das pérdas e desperdícios de frutas e hortaliças nas últimas etapas da cadeia agroalimentar, tanto ao nível da comercialização a retalho como do consumo doméstico, e apresentar estratégias e intervenções que revelaram-se eficazes em reduzi-los. Embora os determinantes da perda e do desperdício de frutas e vegetais sejam diversos, os rígidos requisitos de qualidade por parte dos comerciantes e consumidores desempenham um papel fundamental nas últimas etapas da cadeia agroalimentar. Ao nível internacional, várias estratégias foram implementadas para reduzir as perdas e o desperdício de frutas e hortaliças, embora as evidências sobre sua eficácia ainda sejam limitadas. Entre as estratégias com maior potencial estão melhorias em logística e infraestrutura, campanhas de comunicação, redução de preços, além de estratégias de redistribuição e reaproveitamento. Em particular, a implementação de campanhas de comunicação incluindo mensagens que afetam positivamente a percepção de qualidade associada a frutas e hortaliças com imperfeições estéticas, ou mensagens relacionadas com a sustentabilidade ambiental, têm mostrado ter um impacto positivo no comportamento do consumidor. Quanto à redução do preço, embora possa favorecer a compra, pode também indicar simultaneamente uma qualidade inferior. Isso sugere a necessidade de combinar redução de preços com estratégias de comunicação para atingir o impacto desejado. Por sua vez, as estratégias que privilegiam a redistribuição e reaproveitamento de frutas e hortaliças têm levado ao surgimento de diversos empreendimentos sociais que têm alcançado um impacto positivo, tanto em termos de redução de perdas como de contribuição para a segurança alimentar. Com base nas evidências disponíveis, este trabalho apresenta recomendações para a aplicação das estratégias acima mencionadas no contexto local.
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