Modelagem baseada em agentes aplicada à avaliação de nitrogênio e fósforo em agroecossistemas
Um estudo de caso de uma fazenda leiteira uruguaia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.29.1141Palavras-chave:
ABM, fazenda leiteira, modelagem ecológica, balanço de nutrientes, eficiência de nutrientesResumo
A produção de laticínios no Uruguai é essencial e está sob escrutínio devido aos impactos ambientais que pode causar. Os impactos resultam principalmente de práticas de gestão ineficientes, que levam ao uso excessivo de nutrientes, cujo excedente escoa para o meio ambiente, afetando o solo, as águas subterrâneas e os rios. Neste contexto, este artigo explica pesquisas que geraram novos conhecimentos para o setor lácteo do Uruguai alcançar uma produção mais sustentável, ao compreender quais práticas agrícolas maximizam a eficiência dos nutrientes e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzem os impactos ambientais. A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem multimetodológica no caso de uma típica fazenda leiteira no Uruguai, aplicando o Método de Orçamento de Nutrientes e desenvolvendo um Modelo Baseado em Agentes (ABM) denominado Gestão de Nitrogênio e Fósforo (NPM). O balanço de nutrientes é um método valioso e simples para analisar dados e avaliar entradas e saídas de nutrientes, embora tenha limitações visuais e analíticas, que podem ser complementadas com modelagem adequada baseada em agentes, que permite analisar os agentes do modelo no tempo e no espaço, capturando a heterogeneidade do agroecossistema. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a utilização de práticas corretas melhora a eficiência nutricional, reduzindo a dependência de insumos externos. As principais conclusões indicam que a fixação biológica de azoto, as dietas pastoris, a taxa de lotação e a acumulação de fósforo no solo são variáveis-chave que afetam a eficiência e os impactos ambientais.
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