Metodología gradual para mitigar las emisiones de GEI y las pérdidas de nutrientes en los sistemas integrados agrícola-ganadera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.29.1330Palabras clave:
agroecosistemas, sistemas integrados agrícola-ganadera, emisiones de GEI, pérdidas de nutrientes, transiciónResumen
El sector agrícola debe reducir las pérdidas de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), nutrientes e insumos debido al cambio climático y la degradación de ecosistemas. Los sistemas de producción integrados de agricultura y ganadería pueden mejorar la circularidad del carbono y los nutrientes. Se propone una metodología holística para ayudar a los productores a desarrollar estrategias que reduzcan el impacto ambiental y aumenten la resiliencia del sistema mediante prácticas circulares y basadas en ecosistemas.
Esta metodología, parte del proyecto Integrity (EraNet), se organiza en cuatro etapas. La primera se centra en maximizar la eficiencia en la gestión de cultivos y animales, buscando mejorar la producción y la calidad. La segunda etapa desarrolla estrategias para reducir pérdidas de nutrientes y emisiones, incluyendo la gestión de efluentes y emisiones entéricas. La tercera promueve la integración entre animales y cultivos, optimizando la circularidad de nutrientes e insumos. Finalmente, la cuarta etapa se enfoca en estrategias de secuestro de carbono para alcanzar la neutralidad de carbono y fomentar soluciones basadas en servicios ecosistémicos.
Al guiar a los productores a través de estas etapas, la metodología identifica acciones de alto impacto que pueden implementarse rápidamente o que requieren cambios estructurales a largo plazo, proporcionando una herramienta valiosa para iniciar la transición hacia sistemas agrícolas más resilientes.
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