Characterization and Description of Borrellia bruneri (Rhen, 1906) (Orthoptera: Gomphocerinae) Nymphal Instars

Abstract

In the spring of 2008 in the central-south region of Uruguay, there was a significant increase in the population density of Borrellia bruneri not witnessed for 50 years. The proper time for treatments to prevent damage is when the highest proportion of the population is in nymph III, so hatching eggs is maximum, and avoiding the peak of consumption and the decrease in sensitivity to insecticides. This work was conducted in 2009-2010 and aimed to identify the cycle and phenology of this species in a natural grassland located in Florida, Uruguay (33° 45' 9.30" S 55°54’11.90" O). From early October to mid January we conducted weekly sampling, and then biweekly until the end of the period in late April. The nymphal stages were determined according to the development of wing rudiments, external genitalia and the number of antennal segments. Additionally a morphometric study was performed to characterize the instars previously differentiated by morphological characters. Five easily distinguishable nymphal instars were determined, based on the development of the wing pads and external genitalia. Head length, the larger diameter of the eye, and length of the hind femur were the most useful characters to separate individuals of different nymphal instars of the same sex and between sexes. This information is useful for planning timely control strategies without irreparable damage during population explosions of this kind.