Regulação epigenética e memórias
possíveis aplicações à videira no Uruguai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.28.1267Palavras-chave:
epigenética, metilação do ADN, modificações das histonas, videira, UruguaiResumo
Este artigo explora o conhecimento atual da regulação epigenética nas videiras, realçando a sua importância em plantas propagadas clonalmente com diversidade genética limitada, como as videiras. Os principais processos epigenéticos, incluindo a metilação do ADN e as modificações das histonas, moldam a estrutura da cromatina, influenciando a expressão genética. O metiloma da folha da videira revela semelhanças com o de outras plantas propagadas clonalmente, salientando baixos níveis de metilação em contextos específicos. A regulação epigenética contribui para a plasticidade fenotípica da videira, a diversidade clonal e um diálogo intrigante entre parceiros enxertados. Estes mecanismos constituem uma parte vital da memória das plantas, especialmente face às alterações climáticas. No Uruguai, onde a indústria do vinho enfrenta desafios climáticos, a Tannat é uma variedade emblemática adaptada aos nossos sistemas de produção ambiental. No entanto, as previsões de alterações climáticas na região incluem o aumento das temperaturas, a alteração dos padrões de precipitação e o aumento dos fenômenos extremos, o que poderia afetar alguns aspectos da sua adaptação (rendimentos, qualidade dos bagos e tipicidade, entre outros). As estratégias de gestão da vinha, juntamente com o melhoramento vegetal, são essenciais para a adaptação. O artigo apela ao desenvolvimento urgente de estratégias inovadoras que utilizem variações epigenéticas hereditárias, apresentando uma abordagem mais rápida e eficiente para o melhoramento da videira para tolerância ao stress na era das alterações climáticas.
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