Manejo de novilhas leiteiras no Uruguai
Efeitos no nível de alimentação e do ambiente social no desenvolvimento pré-puberal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.28.1217Palavras-chave:
pubertad, eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-ovariano, ganho de peso, competência, reagrupamento socialResumo
As práticas de manejo durante a recria de novilhas leiteiras devem permitir um adequado crescimento corporal e desenvolvimento reprodutivo para atingir a puberdade vários meses antes da primeira concepção. A idade proposta e o peso corporal (PC) ao primeiro parto para novilhas Holstein estão entre 22-24 meses e 82% de seu PC adulto, respectivamente, para o qual as novilhas devem conceber por volta dos 15 meses de idade com 60% de seu PC adulto. O nível de alimentação pré e pós-desleite tem efeitos sobre a eficiência alimentar, comportamento, metabolismo energético e desenvolvimento corporal e reprodutivo, enquanto o ambiente social durante a recria, especificamente a dominância social e os reagrupamentos sociais, são conhecidos por afetar o metabolismo energético, comportamento alimentar e corpo e desenvolvimento reprodutivo da novilha. No Uruguai, as informações publicadas sobre o manejo da novilha leiteira são escassas. O objetivo desta revisão é revisar brevemente os principais fatores que afetam o início da puberdade e apresentar uma abordagem integrativa da informação gerada no Uruguai sobre os efeitos da modificação do nível alimentar e do ambiente social durante o período de criação no desenvolvimento corporal, metabolismo, e início da pubertade em novilhas leiteiras. Além disso, fazemos uma proposta de lacunas de conhecimento que devem ser abordadas em estudos futuros.
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