Temperamento de vacas Holando de origen neozelandés y norteamericano mantenidas en dos estrategias alimentarias diferentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.29.1467Palabras clave:
biotipo, bovino, leche, personalidadResumen
La genética es un factor que influye en el temperamento animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la respuesta a tres pruebas de temperamento de vacas Holando neozelandesas (NZ) y norteamericanas (NA) bajo dos estrategias de alimentación. Ciento veinte vacas de la Unidad Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, Uruguay) fueron agrupadas en una combinación de dos orígenes genéticos: NZ o NA, con dos estrategias de alimentación: Máximo pasto o Pasto fijo. La reactividad al ordeñe (RO), la velocidad de fuga y la distancia de fuga (DF) fueron evaluadas en dos períodos (107,5 ± 30,3 y 173,8 ± 32,1 días en leche), y el promedio de esas dos mediciones por animal fue utilizado en modelos lineales generales con la genética (NZ vs NA), la paridad (primíparas vs multíparas), la estrategia de alimentación (Máximo pasto vs. Pasto fijo) y sus interacciones como efectos fijos. Hubo una interacción entre origen genético y paridad para la RO. Las diferencias entre vacas NZ y NA fueron solo observadas en multíparas, presentando mayores valores las vacas NZ (2,93 ± 1,18) que las NA (2,00 ± 0,90) (P=0.0004). Las vacas NZ presentaron mayor DF (4,2 ± 1,3 m) que vacas NA (3,7 ± 1,1 m) (P=0,03). La estrategia de alimentación no afectó la respuesta a ninguna prueba. En conclusión, el origen genético de vacas lecheras Holstein influenció la reactividad a las pruebas de temperamento RO y DF. Las vacas NZ fueron más reactivas al humano y al ordeñe que las vacas NA, pero las diferencias en RO fueron solo observadas en vacas multíparas.
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