Influence of Rainfall and Drying Time on the Efficacy of Insecticides for the Control of Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple Orchards
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.30.1822Keywords:
Malus domestica, phosmet, chlorantraniliprole, rain fastness, pests, chemical controlAbstract
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rainfall and drying time on the efficacy of two chemical insecticides used to control the oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards. The study was carried out at the Temperate Climate Fruit Experimental Station of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Uva e Vinho) in Vacaria, RS, Brazil, in a 0.4‑hectare orchard with 7‑ and 8‑year‑old Gala and Fuji apple trees during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 production cycles. A Swanson‑type rainfall simulator was employed to reproduce rainfall events under commercial orchard conditions. Simulated rainfall at intensities of 10 or 50 mm h⁻¹ did not reduce the overall efficacy of insecticide control within 1 hour after precipitation. Notably, control efficacy increased during the first 30 minutes of rainfall, likely due to the redistribution of pesticides across plant surfaces. A drying period of 6 hours for both phosmet and chlorantraniliprole was sufficient to maintain insecticide performance, regardless of rainfall intensity. These findings provide practical guidance for apple growers, supporting informed decision‑making regarding the optimal timing for insecticide reapplication under varying rainfall conditions.
Downloads
References
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Gonçalves, J. L. M., & Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22(6), 711-728. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Alves, S. A. M., Santos, R. S. S., & Gebler, L. (2013). Tecnologia de aplicação e segurança na utilização de agrotóxicos. In J. C. Fioravanço & R. S. S. Santos (Eds.), Maçã: O produtor pergunta, a Embrapa responde (pp. 179-187). Embrapa.
An, Q., Wu, Y., Li, D., Hao, X., Pan, C., & Rein, A. (2022). Development and application of a numerical dynamic model for pesticide residues in apple orchards. Pest Management Science, 78(6), 2679-2692. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6897
Andika, I. P., Vandervoort, C., & Wise, J. C. (2019). Rainfastness of insecticides used to control spotted-wing Drosophila in tart cherry production. Insects, 10(7), Article 203. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10070203
Arioli, C. J., Botton, M., Bernardi, D., Santos, J. P. dos, & Hickel, E. R. (2017). Recomendações para o manejo de Grapholita molesta (busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) na cultura da macieira. Boletim Técnico, (177), Article 47. https://publicacoes.epagri.sc.gov.br/BT/article/view/2302
Arioli, C. J., Molinari, F., Botton, M., Garcia, M. S., & Gonçalves, B. (2007). Técnica de criação de Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) em laboratório utilizando dieta artificial para a produção de insetos visando estudos de comportamento e controle. Embrapa Uva e Vinho.
Ayres, M., Ayres, M., Jr., Ayres, D. L., & Santos, A. A. S. (2007). BioEstat 5.0: Aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das Ciências Biológicas e Médicas. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá.
Baronio, C. A., Machota Junior, R., Nunes, M. Z., Paranhos, B. A. J., Bernardi, D., Garcia, F. R. M., & Botton, M. (2023). The use of toxic baits for the suppression of Mediterranean fruit fly in mango orchards. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 95(4), Article e20191046. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320191046
Beling, R. R. (Ed.). (2018). Anuário brasileiro da fruticultura. Editora Gazeta.
Bertol, I., Bertol, C., & Barbosa, F. T. (2012). Simulador de chuva tipo empuxo com braços movidos hidraulicamente: Fabricação e calibração. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 36(6), 1905-1910. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832012000600024
Casida, J. E., & Quistad, G. B. (1998). Golden age of insecticide research: Past, present, or future? Annual Review of Entomology, 43, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.1
Cruz, M. R., Camargo, M. E., Malafaia, G. C., & Zanadrea, G. (2012). PIM: Processo inovador na cadeia produtiva da maçã brasileira. Revista de Administração e Inovação, 9(2), 213-230.
Faoro, I. D. (Ed.). (2022). Maçãs do grupo Gala no Brasil. Epagri.
Hulbert, D., Isaacs, R., Vandervoort, C., & Wise, J. C. (2011). Rainfastness and residual activity of insecticides to control Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in Grapes. Journal of Economic Entomology, 104(5), 1656-1664. https://doi.org/10.1603/ec11077
Hulbert, D., Reeb, P., Isaacs, R., Vandervoort, C., Erhardt, S., & Wise, J. C. (2012). Rainfastness of insecticides used to control Japanese beetle in blueberries. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105(5), 1688-1693. https://doi.org/10.1603/ec11412
Katagi, T. (2004). Photodegradation of pesticides on plant and soil surfaces. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 182, 1-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9098-3_1
Klesener, D. F., dos Santos, R. S. S., Gebler, L., Alves, S. A. M., & Boff, M. I. C. (2024). Using a rainfall simulator thrust type to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides in a apple orchard. Observatorio de la Economía Latinoamericana, 22(6), Article e5149. https://doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n6-087
Lahm, G. P., Stevenson, T. M., Selby, T. P., Freudenberger, J. H., Cordova, D., Flexner, L., Bellin, C. A., Dubas, C. M., Smith, B. K., Hughes, K. A., Hollingshaus, J. G., Clark, C. E., & Benner, E. A. (2007). Rynaxypyr: A new insecticidal anthranilic diamide that acts as a potent and selective ryanodine receptor activator. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 17(22), 6274-6279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.012
Nachtigall, G. R., & Hawerroth, F. J. (2022). Boletim agroclimático: Abril/2022. Embrapa Uva e Vinho. http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1143634
Nava, D. E., Botton, M., Arioli, C. J., Si, M., & Grutzmacher, A. D. (2014). Insetos e ácaros-praga. In M. C. B. Raseira, J. F. M. Pereira, & F. L. C. Carvalho (Eds.), Pessegueiro (pp. 433-486). Embrapa.
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., & McMahon, T. A. (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11(5), 1633-1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Protas, J. F. S., & Sanhueza, R. M. V. (2002). Normas técnicas e documentos de acompanhamento da produção integrada de maçã. Embrapa Uva e Vinho.
Taylor, N., & Matthews, G. A. (1986). Effect of different adjuvants on the rainfastness of bendiocarb applied to Brussels sprout plants. Crop Protection, 5, 250-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(86)90058-X
Thacker, J. R. M., & Young, R. D. F. (1999). The effects of six adjuvants on the rainfastness of chlorpyrifos formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate. Pesticide Science, 55(2), 198-200. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199902)55:2%3C198::AID-PS867%3E3.0.CO;2-R
Wise, J. C., Hulbert, D., & Vandervoort, C. (2017). Rainfall influences performance of insecticides on the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apples. The Canadian Entomologist, 149, 118-128. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2016.40
Wise, J. C., Schilder, A., Zandstra, B., Hanson, L., Gut, L., & Sundin, G. (2015). Michigan fruit management guide 2016. Michigan State University Extension.
Wurz, D. A., Souza, D. S., Reinehr, J., Canossa, A. T., & Rufato, L. A. (2019). Produtos fitossanitários empregados no controle fitossanitário da macieira no sul do Brasil. Revista Científica Rural, 21, 347-365. https://doi.org/10.30945/rcr-v21i3.3084
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Agrociencia Uruguay
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
| Article metrics | |
|---|---|
| Abstract views | |
| Galley views | |
| PDF Views | |
| HTML views | |
| Other views | |
